Volume 12, Issue 10, October 2024 Edition - IEEE-SEM Journal Publication
Microbiological Assessment of Abattoir Effluent and Its Impact on the Receiving Water Body in Nkwo Nnewi Metropolis, Anambra State, NigeriaPDF
Awari, V. G1., Agu, K. C*2. Ogbonna, U. S. A2. Ifediegwu, M. C. 2, Ebo, P. U. 1, Anazodo, C.A. 2, Abana, C. C. 2, Chidubem-Nwachinemere, N. O. 2, Egurefa, S. O. 3 and Nwosu, J. C. 4
In Nigeria, human activities impact the quality of the natural environment. One such activity is the indiscriminate location of abattoirs around residential areas in developing countries as a result of a lack of effective monitoring and regulation. The abattoir industry an important constituent of the livestock industry provides domestic meat supply to the teaming population and employment opportunities for a large number of people in Nigeria. Most abattoirs are sited close to a water body, to make provision for sufficient water to carry out their activities. Facilities for the treatment of abattoir solid waste and wastewater are lacking, compared to developed countries where these facilities are adequately provided. Abattoir waste which comprises organic and inorganic solids, blood, fat, long hair, faeces, undigested feed materials, microorganisms when released into the environment without treatment could result in an increased number of pathogenic organisms, pollution, and alteration of the physicochemical properties of the receiving water bodies, deteriorating the quality of the water bodies, the environment, and can cause adverse effects on the health of humans, animals, plants, soil, and aquatic life. Bacteria from abattoir waste can subsequently absorb into sediments, when the bottom water body is disturbed, the sediment releases the bacteria, contaminating the water bodies, thus, presenting long-term environmental and health hazards. Medical experts have also reported that fungi associated with abattoir activities cause diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea, typhoid fever, asthma, wool sorter diseases, and respiratory and chest diseases. This study can help define future abattoir wastewater treatment and management practices for environmental sustainability in Nigeria hence, the need to investigate the bacteriological, physicochemical, and mycological quality of abattoir effluents and receiving water bodies to create awareness of the negative impacts on public health and environment.
HALAL NON-LABOR SOURCES OF INCOME: THE EXPERIENCE OF EMPLOYEES OF THE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN UGANDAPDF
Hakimu Buyondo, Jamil Serwanga
Institutions often seek a nexus between the desire for sufficient employee income and efficient performance. Recognizing the importance of halal investments and non-labor income sources, it is imperative to ascertain empirical studies to guide economic planners and institutional managers to support initiatives where employees may earn income without compromising their performance in their primary jobs. This study examines the participation in and feasibility of halal non-labor income sources using the experience of the employees of the Islamic University in Uganda, (IUIU). The research identifies primary motivators for participating in halal non-labor income activities, such as additional income, religious beliefs, financial security, and retirement planning. Preferred income sources include joint business ownership, rental properties, agriculture, retail businesses, and investments in halal financial instruments. The findings reveal a significant interest and involvement in halal non-labor income activities among IUIU employees, underpinned by the alignment with Islamic finance principles. However, challenges like inadequate initial capital, financial literacy, time constraints, and regulatory issues pose barriers to broader participation. The study suggests recommendations to enhance participation, including financial support for startups, promoting Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (SACCOs), training on Islamic principles, mentorship programs, providing affordable loans, information dissemination, and favorable working hours. In conclusion, halal non-labor income sources play a crucial role in improving the socio-economic status of IUIU employees while adhering to religious and ethical guidelines. The study calls for further research on the applicability of Islamic financing models in passive investments to better support the socio-economic advancement of employees
LEVERAGING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM CAPABILITIES FOR URBAN AIR QUALITY EVALUATIONPDF
Rasaq Oladapo,Alechenu Echono David , Musa Odunayo Sabit, Nwoburuoke Frank Beauty Chinagurum, Adekunle Isaac Omole, Confidence Adimchi Chinonyerem
ABSTRACT Urban air pollution poses significant health risks to city dwellers worldwide. Effective air quality evaluation and monitoring are crucial for mitigating these risks. This study explores the potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in urban air quality evaluation, leveraging its spatial analysis and visualization capabilities. Using GIS, we integrated air quality data from sensor networks and geographic data from urban planning and environmental agencies. Our methodology employed spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, and regression analysis to identify pollution patterns and correlations with urban features. Results show that GIS-based spatial analysis effectively identified air pollution hotspots and correlations with urban land use, transportation infrastructure, and demographic factors. The study demonstrates the value of GIS in urban air quality evaluation, enabling targeted policy interventions and improved public health outcomes.
ASSESSMENT OF PREPAREDNESS LEVEL IN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN MECHANIZED AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTION ILORIN NIGERIAPDF
Usman M.D, Abdullahi Hamza, Mukhtar I, Marafa I Yusuf
ABSTRACT The world concurrently is facing challenge of disasters that are increasing in frequency and ruthlessness. These hazards are predicted to increase with the negative impacts of climate change, which will worsen the incidence of associated disasters in the African region. Apart from the commonly focused hazards climatic and geological hazards such as droughts, floods, earthquakes, landslides and cyclones, there are also industrial and technological related hazards. A study to determine the awareness and preparedness levels in disaster and risk management was carried out at the National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM), Ilorin. Questionnaire administration, in-depth interview and field survey were the methods used for data collection. The result were analyzed through pie-chart, showing percentage in terms of Hazard risk with 2015 having the highest percentage of (45.5%). 2016 (24.2%), 2017 (12.1%). The lowest hazard risk on the yearly analysis are 2018 (6.19%), 2019 (9.1%) and the least being 2020 with (3.0%). This result has clearly shown that within 2015-2020 the study area experienced decreasing pattern variations in hazards. The findings revealed that NCAM Ilorin has high degree level of preparedness achieved through the use of hierarchy of control and administrative measure. Therefore, there is a need for provision of hierarchy of control in combination with, elimination; substitution; isolation; engineering controls; administrative controls, should be fully implemented to totally eliminate hazard risk in the Centre. The staffs were advised to avoid working without safety materials to minimize the effects of hazards from mechanized agricultural equipment in the study area.
MODÈLES DE PARTENARIAT SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNOLOGIQUE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT ECONOMIQUE DE LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGOPDF
Professor BYERAGI SAFARY Georges
Résumé De manière générale, nous sommes d’accord sur le fait que les partenariats entre acteurs scientifiques et technologiques en RDC doivent faire l’objet d’une plus grande attention, en particulier dans nos préparatifs pour faire face à la concurrence sur un marché ouvert aux niveaux régional et mondial. Abstract In general, we agree that partnerships between science and technology actors in DRC need to be given greater attention, particularly in our preparations to compete in an open market at regional and global levels.
PARTENARIAT ECONOMIQUE ET COMMERCIAL POUR DÉVELOPPER L’INDUSTRIE AGROALIMENTAIRE DE MAÏS EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGOPDF
Professor BYERAGI SAFARY Georges
Résumé : La République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) a, au cours des quinze dernières années, importée le maïs afin de satisfaire la demande intérieure. Aujourd’hui, il existe une tendance de l'utilisation du maïs comme matières premières pour les industries alimentaire et celle de l'alimentation animale. Dans l'industrie alimentaire particulièrement, la demande d'huile de maïs augmente fortement. Outre cette condition, le nombre de personnes qui consomment le maïs en RDC augmente d'environ 2,5 millions de personnes chaque année. C’est la raison pour laquelle, en 2017, le Gouvernement de la République pourrait importer une quantité importante de maïs évaluée à plus de 6 millions de tonnes (nos propres projections). Pour atteindre l'autosuffisance du maïs dans notre pays, le développement de la culture de l'agro-industrie à travers l'industrie de transformation devient absolument nécessaire et s’avère urgent. Le développement de l'industrie agro-alimentaire de maïs en RDC pourrait être atteint avec succès grâce à la stratégie commerciale de partenariat entre les producteurs de maïs (les petites entreprises) et les propriétaires de l’industrielle de transformation (les grandes entreprises). Summary: During the last decades, the Government of the DRC imported corn in order to satisfy domestic demand. Nowadays, there is a trend of using corn as raw material for food industry as well as for animal food industry. Talking about food industry, the demand of corn oil continues to increase sharply. Besides this condition, the number of people consuming corn inside the country is increasing of about 3.67 million people every year. For this reason, in the 2017, the DRC could import an important amount of corn amounted to more than 2 million tons (our own projections). In order to achieve self-supporting of corn in our country, the development of agribusiness from cultivation through processing industry is absolutely needed and it seems to be urgency. The development of corn agribusiness industry can be successfully attained in the DRC through Joint Ventures between corn farmers (as small enterprises) and industrial processing owners (big enterprises).
Innovative Approaches to Combat Terrorism and InsurgencesPDF
Adewale Abdulrasaq SHOMOPE, Oluwatumininu ONAMADE, Dr. Ayorinde ODUROYE
Terrorism used to be foreign to us in Africa, especially Nigeria, until very recently, it plagued our continent and country and has almost become a part of our individual lives and societal life, as citizens now live in constant fear while Governments strategize and re-strategize to curb this menace and ensure saver environment for economic prosperity and reassure the citizenry of relative peace. To counter terrorism, the root causes must be identified and understood, method of operation and their intended targets identified too. All these are crucial in the fight against terrorism and bringing terrorists to justice. It is indeed a huge task for any government to defeat terrorism and cut it out of society as it is a cancer that has plagued the world. Biometric systems and technology have been known for producing tangible security gains. This paper thereby seeks to quantify the assertion and generate future discussion about the merits of biometrically based identification and screening using e-passports and Access Control deployed with multimodal biometric systems.